The patients wait to see a Physician will double
under Obamacare (Massachusetts patients wait an average of 55 days to see a
Primary Care doctor). 45% of Physicians are over the age of 55, and they will
not work for free under the Obamacare lower reimbursements! So…now what?
Behind the coming
physician shortage
Michael Tanner
Posted:
11:01 PM, April 30, 2011
NEW YORK
POST
The
doctor is not in.
The
United States already faces a growing physician shortage. As our population
ages, we require more and more intensive health care. At the same time,
enrollment in medical schools has been essentially flat, meaning we are not
producing new physicians at anywhere near the rate we need to. In fact,
according to the American Association of Medical Colleges, we face a shortfall
of more than 150,000 doctors over the next 15 years.
And
it could get a whole lot worse.
The
health reform bill signed into law last year is expected to significantly
increase the number of Americans with health insurance or participating in the
Medicaid program. Meanwhile, an aging population will increase participation in
Medicare. This means a greater demand for physician services.
But
at the same, the bill may drive physicians out of practice.
Existing
government programs already reimburse physicians at rates that are often less
than the actual cost of treating a patient. Estimates suggest that on average
physicians are reimbursed at roughly 78% of costs under Medicare, and just 70%
of costs under Medicaid. Physicians must either make up for this shortfall by
shifting costs to those patients with insurance — meaning those of us with
insurance pay more — or treat patients at a loss.
As
a result, more and more physicians are choosing to opt-out of the system
altogether. Roughly 13% of physicians will not accept Medicare patients today.
Another 17% limit the number of Medicare patients they will see, a figure that
rises to 31% among primary care physicians. The story is even worse in
Medicaid, where as many as a third of doctors will not participate in the
program.
Traditionally,
most doctors have been willing to take some Medicare patients either out of
altruism or as a “loss leader,” to reach other family members outside the
Medicare program. Others try to get around Medicare’s low reimbursement rates
by unbundling services or providing care not covered through the program.
(Nearly 85% of seniors carry supplemental policies to cover these additional
services). With many office and equipment costs fixed, even a low reimbursement
patient may be better than no patient at all for some doctors. This is even
more true for hospitals where Medicare patients may account for the majority of
people they serve. And doctors can take some comfort in the fact that Medicare
is pretty much guaranteed to pay and pay promptly. The same is not always true
of private insurance.
But
if reimbursements fall much more, the balance could be tipped.
The
government’s own chief actuary says that reimbursement cuts could mean
“reductions in access to care and/or the quality of care.” Once the cuts hit
hospitals, they too will be in trouble. Medicare’s actuaries estimate that 15%
of hospitals could close. Inner-city and rural hospitals would be hardest hit.
Nor
is the pressure on reimbursement rates likely to be felt solely in government
programs. The health care law contains a number of new regulations that are
already driving up insurance premiums. The government is responding by cajoling
and threatening insurers. If insurers find their ability to pass on cost
increases limited, they too may begin to cut costs by cutting reimbursements.
For
a lot of older physicians, retirement in Florida may begin to look like a very good
option. Roughly 40% of doctors are age 55 or over. Are they really going to
want to stick it out for a few more years if all they have to look forward to
is more red tape (both government and insurance company) for less money? Those
that remain are increasingly likely to join “concierge practices,” limiting the
number of patients they see and refusing both government and private insurance.
And,
at the same time, fewer young people are likely to decide that medicine is a
good career. Remember, the average medical school graduate begins their career
with more than $295,000 in debt.
A
2010 IBD/TPP Poll found that 45% of doctors would at least consider leaving
their practices or taking early retirement as a result of the new health care
law. And, an online survey by Sermo.com, a sort of Facebook for physicians,
found that 26% of physicians in solo practices were considering closing. Of
course, not every doctor who told these polls that he or she would consider
leaving the field will actually do so. But if even a small portion depart, our
access to medical care will suffer.
In
fact, we have already seen the start of this process in Massachusetts, where
Mitt Romney’s health care reforms were nearly identical to President Obama’s.
Romney’s reforms increased the demand for health care but did nothing to expand
the supply of physicians. In fact, by cracking down on insurance premiums,
Massachusetts pushed insurers to reduce their payments to providers, making it
less worthwhile for doctors to expand their practices. As a result, the average
wait to get an appointment with a doctor grew from 33 days to over 55 days.
Promising
universal health coverage is easy. But what does universal coverage mean if you
can’t actually see a doctor?
Michael
Tanner, a Cato Institute senior fellow, is co-author of “Healthy Competition:
What’s Holding Back Health Care and How To Free It.”
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